However, those studies were mainly focused on dairy cattle.
AVERAGE AGE OF WATER BUFFALO SERIES
In Thailand, a series of surveys on bovine anaplasmosis using both conventional and molecular methods has been conducted in beef and dairy cattle, and in ticks from different parts of Thailand. Additionally, transplacental transmission from an infected mother to her offspring has also been reported. Anaplasmosis is not only biologically transmitted by ticks, but it is also mechanically transmitted by biting flies or blood-contaminated equipment. In Thailand, there has been only one report of anaplasmosis in water buffalo, which was in the northeast provinces. Water buffalo show milder symptoms upon infection than cattle, with symptoms of progressive weakness, anorexia, high fever, tachycardia, labored respiration, and a pale mucus membrane. marginale-infected cattle of over two-year-old include progressive anemia, fever, jaundice, loss of appetite, decreased milk production, abortion, and death. Anaplasma platys (formerly Ehrlichia platys) is the etiological agent for infectious canine cyclic thrombocytopenia, and has been reported to also infect cattle and humans. phagocytophilum (formerly Ehrlichia phagocytophilum) is a causative agent of human and animal granulocytic anaplasmosis and has been described from a broad range of animals, including goats, sheep, yaks, horses, dogs, cats, rodents, wild boars, foxes, birds, and reptiles. bovis are also known to cause disease in cattle, while A. It is caused by obligatory intra-erythrocytic rickettsial organisms in the genus Anaplasma spp. Thus, their potential to become asymptomatic reservoir hosts for tick-borne diseases has probably been underestimated.Īnaplasmosis is one of the most common tick-transmitted diseases in bovines worldwide. Nevertheless, compared to cattle, buffalo seldom show clinical symptoms, presumably owing to their breed resistance. Since buffalo in the rural areas of Thailand are frequently raised together with beef cattle, they might be exposed to the same vectors and environmental conditions to acquire transmissible bovine diseases. Water buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis) is a multipurpose ruminant that contributes to livestock agriculture in Thailand, including farm operations, income insurance, capital formation, and food production. Water buffalo serving as the reservoir host of anaplasmosis is of concern for managing the disease control and prevention in ruminants. platys-like infections in water buffalo in Thailand for the first time. Our data showed that the apparently healthy buffalo were naturally infected by bacteria in the family Anaplasmataceae at a relatively high prevalence. platys from the tick Rhipicephalus microplus in China. platys-like isolates were clustered in the same clade as the A. Homology searching of groEL sequences against the GenBank™ database using the BLASTn algorithm revealed that the obtained sequences had a high percentage similarity (98.36–99.62%) to A. marginale in buffalo in China and cattle in Thailand, Uganda, and China. marginale 16S rRNA gene and they were placed in a clade that was closely related to the A. The Odds Ratio value indicated that the risk of infection for female buffalo was 2.2-fold higher than that for males ( p < 0.05). Female buffalo were more frequently infected with bacteria in the family Anaplasmataceae than males. were not found in any of the sequenced samples in this study.
Overall, 41% of water buffalo were found to be infected with rickettsial organisms in the family Anaplasmataceae, but Ehrlichia spp. Interplay between the infection and host factors was also assessed. Species identification and genetic differentiation of intra-population and inter-population with the global isolates were conducted based on nucleotide sequences. A total of 456 buffalo blood samples from Thailand were investigated. The objectives of this study were to determine the identity, prevalence, and geographic distribution of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma in naturally infected water buffalo in Thailand using PCR amplification and sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA and heat shock protein groEL genes. Anaplasmosis, an animal disease caused by rickettsial bacteria in the genus Anaplasma, is of considerable economic importance in livestock animals in many countries worldwide.
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